written or reviewed by
L. Dean Flanders, M.D.

At What Age Do People Typically Get Cataracts?

Cataracts are one of the most common age-related eye conditions, affecting millions of people across the globe. But at what age do cataracts typically develop, and what should you know about their progression? Let’s take a closer look at when cataracts usually appear, what factors influence their onset, and what you can do to maintain clear vision as you age.

What Are Cataracts?

A cataract is a clouding of the eye’s natural lens, which can lead to blurry vision, increased sensitivity to glare, and difficulty seeing at night. Cataracts develop when proteins in the lens break down and clump together, gradually obstructing light from passing through to the retina. While aging is the primary cause, other factors such as UV exposure, smoking, diabetes, and certain medications can contribute to their development.

When Do Cataracts Typically Develop?

Most cataracts develop slowly over time, and the age at which they become noticeable varies from person to person. However, here’s a general timeline of cataract development:

• 40s to 50s – Early changes in the lens may begin, but vision is usually unaffected. At this stage, cataracts are often too mild to cause noticeable symptoms.
• 60s – Many people start experiencing mild vision changes, such as increased glare from headlights or difficulty reading in low light. Cataracts may begin to interfere with daily activities.
• 70s and Beyond – By this age, cataracts are more common, and symptoms such as blurred vision and difficulty distinguishing colors may become more pronounced. Many people opt for cataract surgery to restore clear vision.

Factors Influencing Cataract Development

While age is the primary risk factor for cataracts, several other factors can contribute to their earlier onset or progression:

• Sun exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV radiation without proper eye protection can accelerate cataract formation.
• Geographic location: People living in high-altitude areas may be at increased risk of developing cataracts, mainly due to increased exposure to UV radiation from the sun.
• Health conditions: Chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism can lead to early cataract development.
• Eye conditions: Pre-existing eye conditions like myopia (nearsightedness) and glaucoma may increase the likelihood of early cataracts.
• Eye injuries: Certain injuries can damage the eye’s lens, causing an early formation of cataracts.
• Medications: Long-term use of medications such as corticosteroids can lead to early-onset cataracts.
• Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity can contribute to earlier cataract formation.

When Should You See an Eye Doctor?

If you notice any of the following symptoms, it’s a good idea to schedule an eye exam:

• Blurred or cloudy vision
• Sensitivity to light and glare
• Poor night vision
• Double vision
• Faded or yellowed colors
• Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription

An eye doctor can assess the progression of cataracts and determine the best course of action. Fortunately, cataract surgery is a safe and highly effective procedure that can restore clear vision.

Protecting Your Vision as You Age

Although cataracts are a natural part of aging, you can take steps to slow their development:

• Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UV rays
• Eat a diet rich in antioxidants, including leafy greens and colorful fruits
• Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption
• Manage underlying health conditions like diabetes and hypothyroidism
• Get regular eye exams to monitor eye health

Cataracts are a common age-related condition, typically developing in people over the age of 60. While they progress gradually, early detection and lifestyle adjustments can help maintain good vision for years to come. If you live in the Washington DC area and are experiencing vision changes, schedule an appointment with a cataract specialist at Washington Eye Physicians & Surgeons to learn more.